The name ‘Aikido’ is created by the combination of three characters in the Japanese language. ‘Ai’, which means ‘joining’; ‘ki’, which means ’spirit’ and ‘do’, which which means ‘way’. These three words in fact actualy do encapsulate the essence of Aikido as a type of martial art: ‘the joining of the spirit to find the way’. It was only in the period from 1930’s to the 1940’s that the name Aikido was officially accepted as the name of this martial art type.
Aikido utilizes techniques that do not seriously harm or kill unlike different kinds of martial art. The techniques and skills being taught are solely intended to divert attention or immobilize attackers. This is perhaps the explanation why most people prefer Aikido, due to its focus on peace and tranquility as opposed to aggression and hostility. In deed, Aikido developer, Morihei Ueshiba, is of the conviction that to have power over violence without causing any harm is the art of peace.
Ueshiba, who is also called Osensei, which signifies ‘Great Teacher’, formed Aikido from the doctrine of Daito-ryu aiki-jujutsu. He incorporated the methods of the ‘yari’, the spear; the ‘juken’, the bayonet; and the ‘jo’, which is a short quarterstaff. But what ultimately distinguishes Aikido from other types of martial art is the fact that its proponents can strike while empty-handed. Proponents require no arms for their protection.
As a small child, he was much into physical fitness and conditioning. This was because of his vow to avenge his father’s attackers. In due course, his studies and activities brought him to the discipline of the various martial arts. He studied many of them. He even has certificates for fencing, fighting with spears, etc. He has learned it all. This is possibly the explanation why Aikido is such a diverse and multi-disciplinary kind of martial art.
Yet despite his expertise, he remained discontented. He sensed that there was still something missing. It was then that he turned to the religions. He studied under a religious leader, Onisaburo Deguchi of the sect named Omoto-kyo in Ayabe. Deguchi taught him to take care of his spiritual development. He then combined his spiritual beliefs and his mastery of the different martial arts and Aikido was formed.
His relationship with this fascinating spiritual leader Deguchi also smoothed the way for his introduction to the elite political and military people as a martial artist. Because of this relationship, he was able to found Aikido and even pass on his knowledge to students, who have, in turn, developed their own styles and techniques in Aikido.
Aikido is a blend of the diverse styles of jujitsu as well as some of the methods of sword and spear fighting, of which Ueshiba was an expert. To get an general idea, Aikido combines the joint locks and throws of jujitsu and the movements of the body necessary when fighting with swords and spears.
Oriental in origin, it was brought to the West by Minoru Mochizuki when he visited France in 1951. He introduced the Aikido techniques to students who were studying judo. In 1952, Tadashi Abe came to France as the official Aikikai Honbu spokesperson. Then in 1953, Kenji Tomiki toured throughout the United States while Koichi Tohei stayed in Hawaii for a full year where he set up a dojo. Aikido then spread its influence in the United Kingdom two years after and in 1965, it reached Germany and Australia. At present, Aikido has centres all over the world.
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